History

The Red Light District, also known as De Wallen, is one of Amsterdam's oldest and most iconic neighborhoods. The history of this unique area is intertwined with the development of the city itself and reflects centuries of economic, social, and cultural changes. Here is a comprehensive exploration of the fascinating history of the Red Light District.

The Origins of De Wallen

Middle Ages and Early Development

• 13th and 14th Centuries: The area now known as De Wallen began to develop around the 13th century when Amsterdam became an important trading city. The name “De Wallen” refers to the old defensive walls that surrounded the city. During this period, Amsterdam established itself as a significant port city, leading to an influx of sailors and traders.
• First Mention: Prostitution also appeared during this time, attracted by the large numbers of sailors who sought relaxation after long journeys. The first documented mention of prostitution in Amsterdam dates back to the 14th century.

Growth and Prosperity in the Golden Age

• 17th Century: The 17th century, known as the Golden Age, was a period of immense wealth and expansion for Amsterdam. The city became one of the richest and most influential cities in the world, thanks to its trade network and overseas colonies.
• Economy and Prostitution: With economic prosperity came an increased demand for prostitution. Sailors, traders, and wealthy merchants frequented De Wallen, where brothels and taverns thrived. Prostitution became more visible during this period and began to concentrate in certain parts of the city, including the current Wallen area.

The 18th and 19th Centuries: Regulation and Change

18th Century

• Regulation and Health: In the 18th century, the government began to take measures to regulate prostitution. This was partly due to concerns about public health, as sexually transmitted diseases became an issue. Prostitutes were subjected to medical checks, and brothels were regulated to prevent the spread of diseases.

19th Century

• Change and Modernization: The 19th century brought further changes to the city and the Red Light District. Amsterdam underwent modernizations such as the construction of new roads and infrastructure. These changes also affected De Wallen, where some older buildings were demolished to make way for new construction.
• Societal Attitudes: Attitudes towards prostitution also began to change. Movements emerged advocating for the abolition of prostitution, inspired by moral and religious beliefs. This led to a complex interplay of tolerance and regulation.

The 20th Century: Legality and Transformation

Early 20th Century

• Wars and Economic Depressions: The First and Second World Wars and the economic depressions had a significant impact on Amsterdam and the Red Light District. Economic conditions deteriorated, leading to an increase in poverty and social issues, including prostitution.
• Legality: In the mid-20th century, the Dutch government began to increasingly regulate prostitution. In 1911, a law was passed that banned brothels, although prostitution itself was not made illegal. This law had mixed effects, as prostitution continued but became more underground.

Late 20th Century

• Legalization and Tolerance Policy: A major change came in 2000 when the Netherlands legalized brothels. This measure was intended to improve the rights and safety of sex workers and combat human trafficking. Legalizing brothels made it possible to provide better working conditions and healthcare for sex workers.
• Tourism and Gentrification: In the late 20th century and early 21st century, Amsterdam, and especially the Red Light District, became a popular tourist destination. The area attracted visitors from around the world who were curious about the unique culture and history of the district. At the same time, gentrification began to change the neighborhood, with new shops, cafes, and cultural institutions taking residence in historic buildings.

Contemporary Developments

21st Century

• Tourism and Policy: The Red Light District remains an important cultural and tourist center. However, the local government faces challenges such as over-tourism and its impact on residents. Initiatives have been launched to find a balance between preserving the historical and cultural value of the district and managing the flow of tourists.
• Societal Discussion: The discussion about prostitution and the rights of sex workers continues. Ongoing conversations focus on how to best ensure the rights and safety of sex workers while also considering the impact on the community.